The Hobbit (2012 film)

The Hobbit

The Hobbit film logo, as displayed on the official movie blog.
Directed by Peter Jackson
Produced by Peter Jackson
Fran Walsh
Carolynne Cunningham
Screenplay by Fran Walsh
Philippa Boyens
Guillermo del Toro
Peter Jackson
Based on The Hobbit by
J. R. R. Tolkien
Starring Martin Freeman
Ian McKellen
Richard Armitage
Graham McTavish
Ken Stott
Andy Serkis
Christopher Lee
Benedict Cumberbatch
Hugo Weaving
James Nesbitt
Orlando Bloom
Luke Evans
Evangeline Lilly
Ian Holm
Elijah Wood
Cate Blanchett
Music by Howard Shore
Cinematography Andrew Lesnie
Studio WingNut Films
Distributed by Warner Bros.
New Line Cinema
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
Release date(s) An Unexpected Journey
14 December 2012 (2012-12-14)
There and Back Again
13 December 2013 (2013-12-13)
Country New Zealand
United Kingdom
United States
Language English
Budget $500 million (total)[1]

The Hobbit is an upcoming two-part epic fantasy film directed by Peter Jackson. It is a film adaptation of the 1937 novel of the same name by J. R. R. Tolkien and a prequel to The Lord of the Rings film trilogy. Jackson, director of The Lord of the Rings, returns as director of the film and also serves as producer and co-writer.[2]

The film will star Martin Freeman as Bilbo Baggins,[3] Richard Armitage as Thorin Oakenshield and Benedict Cumberbatch as Smaug.[4] Several actors from The Lord of the Rings will reprise their roles, including Ian McKellen, Andy Serkis, Hugo Weaving, Cate Blanchett, Christopher Lee, Ian Holm, Elijah Wood and Orlando Bloom. Also returning for the production are a big part of the production crew; among others, illustrators John Howe and Alan Lee, art director Dan Hennah and cinematographer Andrew Lesnie. As with the trilogy, props will generally be crafted by Weta Workshop and visual effects managed by Weta Digital. Additionally, composer Howard Shore, who wrote the score for The Lord of the Rings film trilogy, has confirmed his role in both parts of the film project.[5]

The two parts, titled The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey and The Hobbit: There and Back Again,[6] are being filmed back to back and are in production in New Zealand; principal photography began on 21 March 2011.[7] They are scheduled to be released on 14 December 2012 and 13 December 2013, respectively.[6]

Contents

Premise

See also: The Hobbit's Plot

According to a press release from Warner Bros. Pictures:[8]

The adventure follows the journey of title character Bilbo Baggins, who is swept into an epic quest to reclaim the lost Dwarf Kingdom of Erebor from the fearsome dragon Smaug. Approached out of the blue by the wizard Gandalf the Grey, Bilbo finds himself joining a company of thirteen dwarves led by the legendary warrior, Thorin Oakenshield. Their journey will take them into the Wild; through treacherous lands swarming with Goblins and Orcs, deadly Wargs and Giant Spiders, Shapeshifters and Sorcerers.

Although their goal lies to the East and the wastelands of the Lonely Mountain first they must escape the goblin tunnels, where Bilbo meets the creature that will change his life forever…Gollum.

Here, alone with Gollum, on the shores of an underground lake, the unassuming Bilbo Baggins not only discovers depths of guile and courage that surprise even him, he also gains possession of Gollum’s “precious” ring that holds unexpected and useful qualities … A simple, gold ring that is tied to the fate of all Middle-earth in ways Bilbo cannot begin to know.

Cast

Development

Background

First stages of development

See also: Development of The Lord of the Rings film trilogy

Peter Jackson and Fran Walsh originally expressed interest in filming The Hobbit in 1995, then envisioning it as part one of a trilogy (the other two would have been based on The Lord of the Rings).[58] Frustration arose when Jackson's producer, Harvey Weinstein, discovered that Saul Zaentz had production rights to The Hobbit, but that distribution rights still belonged to United Artists (which had kept those rights, believing that filmmakers would prefer to adapt The Hobbit rather than The Lord of the Rings and therefore wanted a profit).[59] The studio was on the market, so Weinstein's attempts to buy those rights were unsuccessful. Weinstein asked Jackson to press on with adapting The Lord of the Rings.[60] Ultimately, The Lord of the Rings was produced by New Line Cinema, not the Weinsteins and their rights to film The Hobbit were set to expire in 2010.[61] In September 2006, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, now the owner of UA, expressed interest in teaming up with New Line and Jackson to make The Hobbit.[62]

In March 2005, Jackson launched a lawsuit against New Line, claiming he had lost revenue from merchandising, video and computer games releases associated with The Fellowship of the Ring.[63] He did not seek a specific settlement, but requested an audit to see whether New Line had deprived him of money.[61] Although Jackson wanted it settled before he would make the film,[61] he felt the lawsuit was minor and that New Line would still let him make The Hobbit.[64] New Line co-founder Robert Shaye was annoyed with the lawsuit and said in January 2007 that Jackson would never again direct a film for New Line, accusing him of being greedy.[65] MGM boss Harry Sloan halted development, as he wanted Jackson to be involved.[66] By August, after a string of flops, Shaye was trying to repair his relationship with the director. He said, "I really respect and admire Peter and would love for him to be creatively involved in some way in The Hobbit."[67] The following month, New Line was fined $125,000 for failing to provide requested accounting documents.[61]

On 16 December 2007, it was announced that Jackson would be executive producer of The Hobbit and its sequel. New Line and MGM would co-finance the film and the latter studio (via 20th Century Fox) would distribute the film outside North America – New Line's first ever such deal with another major studio.[68] Each film is budgeted at an estimated US$150 million,[69] which compares to the US$94 million budget for each of the films in Jackson's Lord of the Rings trilogy. After completion of the merger of New Line Cinema with Warner Bros. in February 2008, the two parts were announced as scheduled for release in Decembers 2011 and 2012.[66] Producer Mark Ordesky will return to supervise the prequels.[70] Jackson explained he chose not to direct because it would have been unsatisfying to compete with his previous films.[71]

That same month, the Tolkien Estate—through The Tolkien Trust, a British charity—and HarperCollins Publishers filed a suit against New Line for breach of contract and fraud and demanded $220 million in compensation. The suit claimed New Line had only paid the Estate an upfront fee of $62,500, despite the trilogy earning an estimated $6 billion worldwide from box office receipts and merchandise sales. The suit claimed the Estate was entitled to 7.5% of all profits made by any Tolkien films, as established by prior deals. The suit also sought to block the filming of The Hobbit. The suit was settled in September 2009 for an undisclosed amount. However the Tolkien Trust's 2009 Accounts show that it received a payment of £24 million, (a little over 38 million USD), in respect of a 'film rights settlement'.[72] Christopher Tolkien said: "The trustees regret that legal action was necessary but are glad that this dispute has been settled on satisfactory terms that will allow the Tolkien Trust properly to pursue its charitable objectives. The trustees acknowledge that New Line may now proceed with its proposed film of The Hobbit."[73][74]

Development with del Toro

Despite the legal suits, development proceeded and in April 2008, Guillermo del Toro was hired to direct the film. Del Toro has said he was a fan of Jackson's trilogy and had discussed directing a film adaptation of Halo with him in 2005. Though that project stalled, they kept in contact.[71] In a 2006 interview Del Toro was quoted saying "I don't like little guys and dragons, hairy feet, hobbits, [...] I don't like sword and sorcery, I hate all that stuff".[75] After he signed on to direct in April 2008,[76] Del Toro posted on TheOneRing.net forums that he had been enchanted by The Hobbit as a child, but found that Tolkien's other books "contain[ed] geography and genealogy too complex for my prepubescent brain". In taking the job of director, Del Toro was now "reading like a madman to catch up with a whole new land, a continent of sorts – a cosmology created by brilliant philologist turned Shaman". He also posted that his appreciation of Tolkien was enhanced by his knowledge of the fantasy genre and the folklore research he had undertaken while making his own fantasy films.[71]

Pre-production began around August 2008, with Del Toro, Jackson, Walsh and Philippa Boyens writing the scripts.[77] Del Toro collaborated with Jackson, Walsh and Boyens via videoconferencing and flew every three weeks, back and forth from Los Angeles, California (where some of the designs were done)[76] to New Zealand to visit them.[78] Del Toro spent his mornings writing and afternoons looking at material related to Tolkien to help him understand the writer's work. He watched World War I documentaries and asked for book recommendations from Jackson, who is a collector of World War I memorabilia. Del Toro felt Tolkien's experiences in that war influenced his stories.[79]

By November 2008, Del Toro has said, he, Jackson, Walsh and Boyens would realize something new about the story every week and the script was continually changing.[80] The writing hours increased to twelve each day, as they dedicated three weeks to finally deciding the films' structures.[81] During the first few months of 2009, writing would start from 8:30 am and end at 3:00 pm when Del Toro would meet with Weta (i.e., Weta Workshop and Weta Digital film effects companies). Completion of the story outlines and treatments ended in March 2009 and the studios approved the start of writing the screenplay.[82] Filming was expected to take place throughout 2010 in New Zealand, with Del Toro renovating the Hobbiton sets in Matamata.[71] For his part, Jackson had kept the Rivendell scale model and the Bag End set (which he has used as a guest house) from the trilogy.[64] During the middle of the shoot, there was expected to be a break which would have allowed Del Toro to edit The Hobbit while sets would be altered for the second film.[83] The director expected the shoot to last 370 days.[84]

Jackson revealed in late November 2009 that he anticipated that the script for The Hobbit would not be finished until the beginning of 2010, delaying the start of production until the middle of that summer (several months later than previously anticipated).[85] The announcement created doubts about whether the film would make its previously-announced release dates of December 2011 and December 2012.[85] Jackson reiterated that no casting decisions had been made.[85] On 22 January 2010, Alan Horn said the first film would likely not be released until the fourth quarter of 2012.[86]

Del Toro's interpretation

The first film will stand on its own and the second will be a transition and fusion with Peter's world. I plan to change and expand the visuals from Peter's and I know the world can be portrayed in a different way. Different is better for the first one. For the second, I have the responsibility of finding a slow progression and mimicking the style of Peter.

—Del Toro on tonal consistency with Jackson's trilogy[87]

Del Toro and Jackson had a positive working relationship, where they compromised on disagreements to the benefit of the film.[71] Del Toro believed he would be able to shoot film himself,[88] although Jackson noted he had similar hopes for filming all of his trilogy and offered to help as second unit director. Del Toro planned on shooting the film in the trilogy's 2.35:1 aspect ratio, rather than his signature 1.85:1 ratio.[71] He hoped to collaborate again with cinematographer Guillermo Navarro.[84] Del Toro shares Jackson's passion for scale models and background paintings,[89] though he wanted to increase the use of animatronics; "We really want to take the state-of-the-art animatronics and take a leap ten years into the future with the technology we will develop for the creatures in the movie. We have every intention to do for animatronics and special effects what the other films did for virtual reality."[76] Spectral Motion (Hellboy, Fantastic Four) were among those Del Toro wanted to work with again.[84] Some characters would have been created by mixing computer-generated imagery with animatronics and some would have been created solely with animatronics or animation. Gollum would be entirely digital again; as Del Toro noted "if it ain't broke, why fix it?"[89]

Del Toro said that he interpreted The Hobbit as being set in a "world that is slightly more golden at the beginning, a very innocent environment" and the film would need to "[take] you from a time of more purity to a darker reality throughout the film, but [in a manner] in the spirit of the book".[76] He perceived the main themes as loss of innocence, which he likened to the experience of England after World War I and greed, which he said Smaug and Thorin Oakenshield represent.[71] Bilbo Baggins reaffirms his personal morality during the story's third act as he encounters Smaug and the Dwarves' greed.[90] He added, "The humble, sort of a sturdy moral fibre that Bilbo has very much represents the idea that Tolkien had about the little English man, the average English man",[13] and the relationship between Bilbo and Thorin would be the heart of the film.[91] The Elves will also be less solemn.[71]

Del Toro met concept artists John Howe and Alan Lee, Weta Workshop head Richard Taylor and make-up artist Gino Acevedo to keep continuity with the previous films,[76] and he also hired comic book artists to complement Howe's and Lee's style on the trilogy,[12] including Mike Mignola and Wayne Barlowe, who began work around April 2009.[82] He has also considered looking at Tolkien's drawings and using elements of those not used in the trilogy.[13] As Tolkien did not originally intend for the magic ring Bilbo finds to be the all-powerful talisman of evil it is revealed to be in The Lord of the Rings, Del Toro said he would address its different nature in the story, but not so much as to draw away from the story's spirit.[90] Each Dwarf would need to look different from the others.[92] Del Toro would have redesigned the Goblins and Wargs[71] and the Mirkwood spiders would also have looked different from Shelob.[90] Del Toro felt the Wargs had to be changed because "the classical incarnation of the demonic wolf in Nordic mythology is not a hyena-shaped creature".[79]

Del Toro also wanted the animals to speak so that Smaug's speech would not be incongruous, though he explained portraying the talking animals would be more about showing people can understand them.[90] Smaug would not have a "snub Simian [mouth] in order to achieve a dubious lip-synch",[71] and Del Toro noted that such is the attention given to him that he would be the first design begun and the last to be approved.[79] Del Toro, whose Chinese zodiac sign is the Dragon, is fascinated by the mythological species and attempted to include one in Pan's Labyrinth, but was unable to for budget reasons. His favourite cinematic dragons are Maleficent in Sleeping Beauty and Vermithrax Pejorative from Dragonslayer .[71] He has also provided a foreword to Howe's portfolio book Forging Dragons, where he discussed the dragon's differing symbolism and roles in various cultures and legends.[93]

Del Toro and Jackson considered the sudden introduction to Bard the Bowman and Bilbo being unconscious during the Battle of the Five Armies to be "less cinematic moments" reminiscent of the novel's more "fairy tale world" than The Lord of the Rings, which they would change to make The Hobbit feel more like the trilogy. However, Del Toro considered some of these moments like Bilbo waking up to find the battle is over iconic and would require the "fairy tale logic [to] work as is".[82]

Del Toro's departure

In 2010 Del Toro left the project due to delays. On 28 May he explained at a press conference that due to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer's financial troubles the Hobbit project had then not been officially greenlit at the time. "There cannot be any start dates until the MGM situation gets resolved... We have designed all the creatures. We've designed the sets and the wardrobe. We have done animatics and planned very lengthy action sequences. We have scary sequences and funny sequences and we are very, very prepared for when it's finally triggered, but we don't know anything until MGM is solved."[94][95] Two days later, Del Toro announced at TheOneRing.net that "[i]n light of ongoing delays in the setting of a start date for filming", he would "take leave from helming", further stating that "the mounting pressures of conflicting schedules have overwhelmed the time slot originally allocated for the project. [...] I remain an ally to it and its makers, present and future and fully support a smooth transition to a new director".[96][97] Reports began to surface around the internet about possible directors; apparently the studios wanted Jackson, but such names as Neill Blomkamp, Brett Ratner, David Yates and David Dobkin were mentioned.[98]

However, this incident received negative reaction from many Hobbit fans, who were angry at MGM for delaying the project. They also tried willing the studio to sell their rights to Warner Bros. On 27 July, del Toro responded to these angry fans, saying that "it wasn't just MGM. These are very complicated movies, economically and politically."[99]

On 25 June 2010, Jackson was reported to be in negotiations to direct the two-part film.[100] On 15 October 2010, New Line Cinema and Warner Bros. confirmed that The Hobbit was to proceed filming with Jackson as director and that the film will be in 3-D.[101] As well as confirming Jackson as director, the film was reported to be greenlit, with principal photography to begin in February 2011.[102] Jackson stated that "Exploring Tolkien's Middle-earth goes way beyond a normal film-making experience. It's an all-immersive journey into a very special place of imagination, beauty and drama."[103]

Industrial dispute in New Zealand

On 24 September 2010, the International Federation of Actors issued a Do Not Work order, advising members of its member unions (including the Screen Actors Guild) that "The producers...have refused to engage performers on union-negotiated agreements."[104] This would subject actors who work on the film to possible expulsion from the union.[105] In response, Warner Bros and New Line Cinema considered taking the production elsewhere, with Jackson mentioning the possibility of filming in Eastern Europe.[105]

Partly out of fear for the Tolkien tourism effect, on 25 October 2010, thousands of New Zealanders organised protest rallies imploring that production remain in New Zealand, as shifting production to locations outside New Zealand would potentially have cost the country's economy up to $1.5 billion.[106] After two days of talks with the New Zealand government (including involvement by Prime Minister John Key), Warner Bros. executives decided on the 27th of October to film The Hobbit in New Zealand as originally planned. In return, the government of New Zealand agreed to introduce legislation to clarify the distinction between independent contractors and employees working in the film production industry and also broaden the government's financial support for big budget films made in New Zealand.[107][108][109]

Some have subsequently called the price (further financial subsidies and specific laws made for the producers' benefit) that New Zealand had to pay to retain the movie 'extortionate'. It was also argued that the discussion had occurred in a climate of 'hyperbole and hysteria'.[110]

Structure

The project has been envisaged as two parts since 2006, but the proposed contents of the parts has changed during development. MGM expressed interest in a second film in 2006, set between The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings.[111] Jackson concurred, stating "one of the drawbacks of The Hobbit is [that] it's relatively lightweight compared to Lord of the Rings... There [are] a lot of sections in which a character like Gandalf disappears for a while. From memory – I mean, I haven't read it for a while now – but I think he references going off to meet with the White Council, who are actually characters like Galadriel and Saruman and people who we see in Lord of the Rings. He mysteriously vanishes for a while and then comes back, but we don't really know what goes on."[64] Jackson was also interested in showing Gollum's journey to Mordor and Aragorn setting a watch on the Shire.[112]

After his hiring in 2008, Del Toro confirmed the sequel would be about "trying to reconcile the facts of the first movie with a slightly different point of view. You would be able to see events that were not witnessed in the first."[12] He also noted the story must be drawn from only what is mentioned in The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings, as they do not have the rights to The Silmarillion and Unfinished Tales.[113] Del Toro also added (before writing began) that if they could not find a coherent story for the second film, they would just film The Hobbit, stating "The Hobbit is better contained in a single film and kept brisk and fluid with no artificial 'break point'."[114] By November 2008, he acknowledged that the book was more detailed and eventful than people may remember.[115] He decided to abandon the "bridge film" concept, feeling that it would be better for the two parts to contain only material from The Hobbit:

When you lay out [...] the story beats contained within the book (before even considering any appendix material) the work is enormous and encompasses more than one film. That's why we are thinking of the two installments as parts of a single narrative. That's why I keep putting down the use of a "bridge" film (posited initially). I think the concept as such is not relevant anymore. I believe that the narrative and characters are rich enough to fit in two films.[116]

Del Toro said that he was faced with two possible places to split the story,[81] including Smaug's defeat. He noted the second film would need to end by leading directly into The Fellowship of the Ring.[117] In June 2009, Del Toro revealed he had decided where to divide the story based on comments from fans about signifying a change in Bilbo's relationship with the dwarves.[118] The second film's story would also have depended on how many actors could have reprised their roles.[71]

Filming

Principal photography began on 21 March 2011 in Wellington, New Zealand. Filming is expected to take place at Wellington Stone Street Studios, the town of Matamata and at other undisclosed locations around New Zealand.[7] In April 2011, Jackson revealed through his Facebook page that he is filming The Hobbit at 48 frames/s (frames per second) instead of the normal 24 frames/s:

"We are indeed shooting at the higher frame rate. The key thing to understand is that this process requires both shooting and projecting at 48 frames/s, rather than the usual 24 frames/s (The great majority of films have been shot at 24 frames per second since the late 1920s). So the result looks like normal speed, but the image has hugely enhanced clarity and smoothness. Looking at 24 frames every second may seem ok–and we've all seen thousands of films like this over the last 90 years–but there is often quite a lot of blur in each frame, during fast movements and if the camera is moving around quickly, the image can judder or "strobe." Shooting and projecting at 48 frames/s does a lot to get rid of these issues. It looks much more lifelike and it is much easier to watch, especially in 3-D."[119]

Not only that, it will also likely be the highest budgeted film so far to be shot on Red Digital Cinema Camera Company's Epic camera of which Peter Jackson received one of the very first shipments.[120] In a production video it was revealed that 48 Epic cameras are being used.[121] With a retail value of around $40,000 each that is nearly $2million worth of cameras.

During July 2011, scenes from The Hobbit were filmed at Pinewood Studios, England. Sets were constructed on the F Stage and N&P Stages for the shoot.[122] Jackson recorded a video blog from the set, which featured Christopher Lee in full makeup and costume as Saruman.[122][123]

The second block of shooting in New Zealand began at the end of August and is expected to be finished in December.[124]

Marketing

The first trailer for the film was first screened before the Jackson-produced The Adventures of Tintin in the US on 21 December,[125] and released on the Web on the same day. Geoff Boucher of the Los Angeles Times said, "While it was all too fleeting there was enough in it to stir the heart of fans".[126] Jen Chaney of the Washington Post stated, "Visually and tonally, this preview for part... looks like a perfect match for the Frodo Baggins tales that released in 2001, 2002 and 2003. This time, of course, the focus is Bilbo Baggins, who goes on a quest along with a gaggle of dwarves, all determined to snatch back valuable treasure from the dragon Smaug. But plot isn’t the main matter at hand in the trailer... This clip is all about reacquainting us with Middle-earth."[127]

Toys

Warner Bros. Consumer Products announced that Lego would be creating figures and play sets based on the two upcoming adaptations of The Hobbit.[128][129][130] The multiyear deal grants Lego access to the library of characters, settings and stories of both The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey and The Hobbit: There and Back Again, as well as The Lord of the Rings trilogy. The first preliminary pictures of the upcoming sets were shown on December 20, 2011.[131][132]

Video games

Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment now has the rights to develop a video game based on The Hobbit following the expiration in 2008 of Electronic Arts' license to The Lord of the Rings.[133] When Guillermo Del Toro was set to direct he had stated that a video game, if it was to be made, would not be released to tie-in with The Hobbit film, but rather after their release. Del Toro had stated that while he would like to be involved in the creation of the video game, making it at the same time as the film would complicate things due to a "tight schedule".[134] In October 2011, Warner Bros. confirmed that a Hobbit video game would be released in 2012, before the release of the first film.[135] However, the studio did not confirm whether or not the game would be a tie-in with the film.[136]

See also

References

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2010s
  • The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey (2012)
  • The Hobbit: There and Back Again (2013)
Producer
Other
Companies